How to assemble bearings and shafts
Release time:
2025-01-10
Cold installation method: Use liquid nitrogen to cool and shrink the shaft parts before installing the bearings, and then let them naturally rise to room temperature. This method is usually only applicable to small shaft components.
The assembly methods of bearings and shafts mainly include the following:
Cold assembly legal: suitable for bearings with smaller outer diameters. Use a sleeve and hammer for cold installation, taking care to protect the shaft from being damaged by the jaws. During
cold installation, the fit between the bearing and shaft should be tight to avoid slipping and wear.
Hot assembly method: Heat the bearing to expand its inner hole, and then assemble it onto the shaft. Suitable for bearings with larger outer diameters. Heating methods include hot oil bath,
hot plate, induction heater, etc. The heating temperature generally does not exceed 120 ℃ to prevent bearing damage.
Rolling assembly method: Insert the shaft into the expanded bearing hole, and further assemble the bearing in place during the internal rolling process by rolling, shaking, or tapping one end of
the shaft.
Frozen assembly method: Place the bearing in a low-temperature environment to make it easier to assemble. Frozen bearings can easily slide into the shaft hole and maintain proper assembly
after returning to room temperature.
Sliding assembly method: Apply a layer of special lubricant or adhesive on the outer surface of the shaft, and then slide the bearing into the shaft hole. This can reduce the friction between the
shaft and the bearing, making it easier to assemble.
The fixing method of bearings and shafts:
Shoulder fixation: By enlarging the shaft diameter between two bearing positions, a step, namely the shoulder, is formed to limit the axial movement of the bearing.
Elastic retaining ring fixation: A retaining ring groove is machined on the shaft, and a shaft stop (also known as a snap spring) is installed for limiting.
Retaining ring fixation: By installing a retaining ring on the shaft and fastening it, the bearing is prevented from moving when subjected to axial loads.
Adjustment of clearance between bearings and shafts:
Hot fitting method: Heat the bearing to expand its inner hole and then fit it onto the shaft. After it cools naturally, fix it. Suitable for bearings with larger outer diameters.
Cold installation method: Use liquid nitrogen to cool and shrink the shaft parts before installing the bearings, and then let them naturally rise to room temperature. This method is usually only
applicable to small shaft components.
Lubrication and trial operation:
Cleaning and drying: Clean the bearings to remove rust proof oil and seal them with lubricating grease after drying. Ensure that the lubricating grease is fully applied to the rolling parts.
Trial operation: Conduct a trial operation after installation to check the temperature and operation of the bearings. During the trial operation, attention should be paid to gradually increasing
the speed to ensure stable temperature before accelerating.
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Uniform force: During installation, avoid hitting only one side or using excessive force. Instead, apply even force to prevent tilting or cracking of the bearings.
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The difference between tapered roller bearings and cylindrical roller bearings
Conical roller bearings: They can withstand both radial and axial loads, especially when subjected to larger radial loads, and their performance is superior to other thrust bearings. It can transmit unidirectional axial loads. If it is necessary to transmit axial loads in the opposite direction, another tapered roller bearing symmetrically installed with it is required.
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Characteristics of tapered roller bearings
High temperature resistance: Made of high temperature resistant materials and lubricating grease, it can operate stably in high temperature environments and is suitable for hot rolling mills, hot forging machines, and heat treatment equipment.
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Advantages and disadvantages of bearings
High mechanical performance and long service life: Rolling bearings are made of bearing steel, which has undergone heat treatment and has high mechanical performance and a long service life.
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Assembly and testing: After passing the inspection, the parts enter the assembly workshop for assembly, including the fitting of inner and outer rings, rolling elements, and cages, checking clearance, final inspection, and other steps, to finally complete the assembly of the bearing.
2025-01-10
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